Illinois lawmakers concluded their May session by advancing major healthcare legislation to Governor Pritzker, including significant 340B protections prohibiting manufacturer interference and requiring a Department of Insurance study. The legislature also passed multiple insurance coverage mandates, downcoding restrictions, healthcare market oversight measures extending pre-transaction notices to private equity, patient billing protections prohibiting hospital liens on primary residences, and abortion medication privacy safeguards.

Attorneys general are expanding their influence over health policy through opioid settlements, PBM reform, and Medicaid oversight. The Purdue/Sackler settlement yielded $7.4 billion effective May 1. Bipartisan coalitions of 39 and 45 attorneys general advocated for PBM reforms. Republican attorneys general challenged FDA mifepristone regulations, with Louisiana's litigation prompting Fifth Circuit action. Texas and Florida launched Medicaid fraud investigations and task forces.

The U.S. Supreme Court will decide by May 14, 2026, whether to reinstate mifepristone's in-person dispensing requirement nationwide, potentially reversing the FDA's 2023 change allowing telehealth prescriptions and mail distribution. Louisiana's lawsuit challenges this change, with courts finding the state likely has standing. Republican attorneys general from multiple states have filed cases targeting the FDA and out-of-state abortion medication providers, intensifying conflicts with Democratic states' shield laws.

Texas and Louisiana pursued legal action against out-of-state abortion providers while enacting laws allowing private citizens to sue those providing abortion medication. Six blue states responded with protective measures allowing facilities rather than individual clinicians on prescription labels. Emergency abortion clarifications passed in Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Texas, while Colorado, New York, Washington, Massachusetts, and Connecticut codified federal emergency care protections into state law.

State legislatures remain deeply divided on reproductive health policy in 2025. Following 2024 ballot measure victories for abortion protections in seven states, Republican lawmakers in Montana and Missouri are pushing counter-measures. States are clarifying emergency abortion exceptions amid legal challenges, while blue states codify EMTALA protections. Medication abortion faces ongoing restrictions in red states and protective measures in blue states.